var my_elem = document.getElementById('my_id');
var span = document.createElement('span');
span.innerHTML = '*';
span.className = 'asterisk';
my_elem.parentNode.insertBefore(span, my_elem);
// The Node.insertBefore() method inserts a node before a
// reference node as a child of a specified parent node.
let insertedNode = parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, referenceNode)